唐白居易Bai Juyi长恨歌A Song Of Unending Sorrow赏析

汉皇重色思倾国,御宇多年求不得。

汉皇重色思倾国1

(汉皇重色思倾国:汉皇,本指汉武帝,诗中借指唐明皇。倾国,形容女子貌美绝代。事见《汉书.外戚传》。)

,御宇2

(御宇:统治天下。)

多年求不得。

我国有位好色的皇帝,多年没寻到理想的美女。China's Emperor, craving beauty that might shake an empire,Was on the throne for many years, searching, never finding,

杨家有女初长成,养在深闺人未识。

杨家有女初长成3

(杨家有女初长成:杨家,蜀州司户杨玄琰家。女,指杨贵妃,小字玉环。)

,养在深闺人未识4

(养在深闺人未识:深闺,指其叔杨玄珪府中闺阁。杨贵妃幼年丧父,养在叔叔杨玄珪家。)

杨家的姑娘才长大成人,养在深闺里人家都不知。Till a little child of the Yang clan, hardly even grown,Bred in an inner chamber, with no one knowing her,

天生丽质难自弃,一朝选在君王侧。

天生丽质难自弃5

(天生丽质难自弃:天生丽质,天生的美丽姿质。难自弃,很难被舍弃。)

,一朝选在君王侧。

天生的美丽不会埋没得久,一天被选进皇帝的宫里。But with graces granted by heaven and not to be concealed,At last one day was chosen for the imperial household

回眸一笑百媚生,六宫粉黛无颜色。

回眸6

(回眸:回,转。眸,眼珠。转动眼珠。)

一笑百媚生,六宫粉黛无颜色7

(六宫粉黛无颜色:粉黛,指六宫美女。无颜色,指六宫美女与杨贵妃相比,便黯然失色。)

她转眼一笑千娇百媚,六宫的美女都没法和她比。If she but turned her head and smiled, there were cast a hundred spells,And the powder and paint of the Six Palaces faded into nothing.

春寒赐浴华清池,温泉水滑洗凝脂。

春寒赐浴华清池8

(华清池:即骊山华清宫温泉,在今陕西临潼城南。)

,温泉水滑洗凝脂9

(凝脂:洁白细嫩的皮肤。)

春寒时叫她在华清池里沐浴,凝脂般滑润的皮肤在温泉里浸洗,...It was early spring. They bathed her in the FlowerPure Pool,Which warmed and smoothed the creamy-tinted crystal of her skin,

侍儿扶起娇无力,始是新承恩泽时。

侍儿扶起娇无力,始是新承恩泽10

(新承恩泽:初得唐玄宗的宠爱。)

时。

出浴后娇弱无力得要侍儿搀扶,这时初次接受了皇帝恩爱的赐予。And, because of her languor, a maid was lifting herWhen first the Emperor noticed her and chose her for his bride.

云鬓花颜金步摇,芙蓉帐暖度春宵。

云鬓花颜金步摇11

(云鬓花颜金步摇:云鬓,乌云般黑的鬓发。花颜,像鲜花般的容颜。步摇,一种首饰,插于发上,上有垂饰,步行便摇。)

,芙蓉帐暖度春宵。

发像云、面如花、佩带着金步摇,芙蓉帐里的温暖消磨了整个春宵。The cloud of her hair, petal of her cheek, gold ripples of her crown when she moved,Were sheltered on spring evenings by warm hibiscus curtains;

春宵苦短日高起,从此君王不早朝。

春宵苦短日高起,从此君王不早朝。

嫌春夜太短暂,太阳已高起,从此皇帝也就不再起早上朝。But nights of spring were short and the sun arose too soon,And the Emperor, from that time forth, forsook his early hearings

承欢侍宴无闲暇,春从春游夜专夜。

承欢侍宴无闲暇,春从春游夜专夜。

陪着皇帝欢宴没有一点空闲,从这一夜到那一夜,从这一年到那一年。And lavished all his time on her with feasts and revelry,His mistress of the spring, his despot of the night.

后宫佳丽三千人,三千宠爱在一身。

后宫佳丽三千人,三千宠爱在一身。

后宫的美女有三千人,三千人的宠爱集到一个人的身上。There were other ladies in his court, three thousand of rare beauty,But his favours to three thousand were concentered in one body.

金屋妆成娇侍夜,玉楼宴罢醉和春。

金屋妆成娇侍夜12

(金屋妆成娇侍夜:金屋,指杨贵妃所住的高贵屋室。妆成,指晚妆画成。)

,玉楼宴罢醉和春13

(醉和春:春,春意,指两人爱恋的情意。这里指杨贵妃醉态中带着爱意。)

白天在玉楼里欢宴醉酒,夜间另有金屋来陪伴君王。By the time she was dressed in her Golden Chamber, it would be almost evening;And when tables were cleared in the Tower of Jade, she would loiter, slow with wine.

姊妹弟兄皆列土,可怜光彩生门户。

姊妹弟兄皆列土14

(列土:封爵赐地。)

,可怜15

(可怜:可爱,讨人欢喜。)

光彩生门户。

姊妹得到封赠弟兄做了高官,门户生了光彩,人人在健羡,Her sisters and her brothers all were given titles;And, because she so illumined and glorified her clan,

遂令天下父母心,不重生男重生女。

遂令天下父母心,不重生男重生女16

(遂令天下父母心,不重生男重生女:于是令当时的父母不重视生男孩,反而愿意生女孩。极写杨家因玉环而显贵对世风的影响。)

改变了天下做父母的旧观念,都愿生个女儿不愿再生男。She brought to every father, every mother through the empire,Happiness when a girl was born rather than a boy.

骊宫高处入青云,仙乐风飘处处闻。

骊宫17

(骊宫:即华清宫,因筑在骊山,故称骊宫。骊,粤:[离lei4];普:[lí]。)

高处入青云,仙乐风飘18

(仙乐风飘:极美妙的音乐随风飘送。)

处处闻。

骊山上的宫殿高耸云层,处处听到从那儿让风飘来的仙乐声。...High rose Li Palace, entering blue clouds,And far and wide the breezes carried magical notes

缓歌慢舞凝丝竹,尽日君王看不足。

缓歌慢舞凝丝竹19

(缓歌慢舞凝丝竹:丝竹,指音乐。句谓歌舞与音乐配合和谐。)

,尽日君王看不足。

随着音乐的节拍在缓歌曼舞,整天价这位皇帝都觉得看不足。Of soft song and slow dance, of string and bamboo music.The Emperor's eyes could never gaze on her enough -

渔阳鞞鼓动地来,惊破霓裳羽衣曲。

渔阳鞞鼓动地来20

(渔阳鞞鼓动地来:渔阳,汉时曾设渔阳郡,辖今北京东、天津北一带,唐时也设有此郡,在今河北蓟县和平谷一带。鞞,一作鼙,二字通用,为古代军中的一种小鼓。此句写天宝十四年(七五五)冬十一月,安禄山以诛讨杨国忠为名,从范阳起兵叛唐事。鞁,粤:[皮pei4];普:[bèi]。)

,惊破霓裳羽衣曲21

(霓裳羽衣曲:本印度舞曲,名《婆罗门》。唐开元间经中亚传入。由西凉节度使杨敬述采编而成,玄宗又大加润色,成为教坊著名舞曲。)

渔阳传来了战鼓声,惊破了霓裳羽衣曲。Till war-drums, booming from Yuyang, shocked the whole earthAnd broke the tunes of The Rainbow Skirt and the Feathered Coat.

九重城阙烟尘生,千乘万骑西南行。

九重城阙22

(九重城阙:古天子所居城阙有九重门,即路门、应门、雉门、库门、皋门、城门、近郊门、远郊门、关门。这里借指京城。)

烟尘生,千乘万骑西南行23

(千乘万骑西南行:乘,指一车四马。骑,指一人一马。千乘万骑,极言跟从唐玄宗的车驾人马之多,以显尊贵。西南行,指从长安逃入蜀。)

叛军像烟尘般扑到了皇城边,迫着皇帝不得不逃奔向西南。The Forbidden City, the nine-tiered palace, loomed in the dustFrom thousands of horses and chariots headed southwest.

翠华摇摇行复止,西出都门百余里。

翠华24

(翠华:以翠羽为饰的旗,为皇帝仪仗。)

摇摇行复止,西出都门百余里。

出西门刚刚走了百多里路,摇摆的旌旗正行着忽然停住,The imperial flag opened the way, now moving and now pausing --But thirty miles from the capital, beyond the western gate,

六军不发无奈何,宛转蛾眉马前死。

六军不发25

(六军不发:六军,指皇帝禁军,按古制,王的禁军为六军,实际上玄宗当时的禁军只有左右龙武、左右羽林四军。不发,不肯前进。)

无奈何,宛转蛾眉马前死26

(宛转蛾眉马前死:蛾眉,美女的代称,这里指杨贵妃。此句是说马嵬驿兵变和杨贵妃被缢死之事。)

护卫的军队逗留不进没了办法,美人竟然娇羞婉转地死在马前。The men of the army stopped, not one of them would stirTill under their horses' hoofs they might trample those moth-eyebrows…

花钿委地无人收,翠翘金雀玉搔头。

花钿委地27

(花钿委地:花钿,用金宝镶成的花形首饰。委地,丢弃在地上。钿,粤:[田tin4/电din6];普:[diàn]。)

无人收,翠翘金雀玉搔头28

(翠翘金雀玉搔头:翠翘,美人的一种首饰。雀,指凤,古称凤为朱雀。金雀,凤形金钗。玉搔头,即玉簪。)

佩带的首饰遗弃了一地没人检收,有翠翘、有金雀、还有玉搔头。Flowery hairpins fell to the ground, no one picked them up,And a green and white jade hair-tassel and a yellowgold hair- bird.

君王掩面救不得,回看血泪相和流。

君王掩面救不得,回看血泪相和流。

皇帝悲哀得流出了血和泪,掩住面容愧不能来援救。The Emperor could not save her, he could only cover his face.And later when he turned to look, the place of blood and tears

黄埃散漫风萧索,云栈萦纡登剑阁。

黄埃散漫风萧索,云栈萦纡登剑阁29

(云栈萦纡登剑阁:云栈,高入云端的栈道。入蜀之路山高险峻,古时只能在空中架设栈道以通其路,这里是夸张栈道之高。萦纡,曲折环绕。剑阁,入蜀路上的栈道名,在今四川剑阁北大剑山与小剑山之间,是古代川陕交通要道,又名剑门关。萦纡,粤:[营于jing4 jy1];普:[yíngyū]。)

萧索的秋风吹得黄尘迷漫,沿着纡曲的山路登上剑阁。Was hidden in a yellow dust blown by a cold wind....At the cleft of the Dagger-Tower Trail they crisscrossed through a cloud-line

峨嵋山下少人行,旌旗无光日色薄。

峨嵋山30

(峨嵋山:在今四川峨嵋南。玄宗入蜀并不经过此山,这里是以此山代指蜀地之山。)

下少人行,旌旗无光日色薄。

旌旗减了光彩,太阳也显得黯淡,寂静的蛾眉山下也没有人行过。Under Omei Mountain. The last few came.Flags and banners lost their colour in the fading sunlight..

蜀江水碧蜀山青,圣主朝朝暮暮情。

蜀江水碧蜀山青,圣主朝朝暮暮情31

(圣主朝朝暮暮情:此句承上说蜀地青山绿水,日日夜夜撩动玄宗思念贵妃之情。)

四川的青山和绿水哟,皇帝日日夜夜在情深癡想,But as waters of Shu are always green and its mountains always blue,So changeless was His Majesty's love and deeper than the days.

行宫见月伤心色,夜雨闻铃肠断声。

行宫32

(行宫:皇帝出行的处所。)

见月伤心色,夜雨闻铃肠断声33

(夜雨闻铃肠断声:此句是说夜雨中听铃铛,是令人极悲伤的声音。)

行宫里看见了伤心的月光,雨夜里听见了断肠的铃响。He stared at the desolate moon from his temporary palace.He heard bell-notes in the evening rain, cutting at his breast.

天旋日转回龙驭,到此踌躇不能去。

天旋日转回龙驭34

(天旋日转回龙驭:天旋日转,指唐肃宗至德二年(七五七)九月郭子仪收复长安,时局好转。龙驭,皇帝的坐骑,代指皇帝。驭,粤:[预jy6];普:[yù]。)

,到此35

(此:指马嵬坡贵妃死处。)

踌躇不能去。

叛乱敉平了,皇帝还都,来到这里禁不住停下彷徨:And when heaven and earth resumed their round and the dragon car faced home,The Emperor clung to the spot and would not turn away

马嵬坡下泥土中,不见玉颜空死处。

马嵬坡36

(马嵬坡:在今陕西兴平西。嵬,粤:[危ngai4];普:[wéi]。)

下泥土中,不见玉颜空死处37

(不见玉颜空死处:不见玉颜,指已看不见贵妃美丽的容颜。空死处,指空自留下她昔日惨死之处。)

马嵬坡下的泥土里,看不到美人死去的地方。From the soil along the Mawei slope, under which was buriedThat memory, that anguish, Where was her jade-white face?

君臣相顾尽霑衣,东望都门信马归。

君臣相顾尽霑衣38

(君臣相顾尽霑衣:顾,回头看。相顾,相互看着。尽霑衣,眼泪沾湿了衣裳。)

,东望都门信39

(信:听任。)

马归。

君臣们你看我我看你都哭湿了衣带,向东望着皇城让马儿信步走回来。Ruler and lords, when eyes would meet, wept upon their coatsAs they rode, with loose rein, slowly eastward, back to the capital.

归来池苑皆依旧,太液芙蓉未央柳。

归来池苑皆依旧,太液芙蓉未央柳40

(太液芙蓉未央柳:太液,池名,在长安大明宫北,为当年汉武帝时所凿建。未央,汉宫名,故址在今长安西北十里。句指唐宫池苑和花木。)

太液池的芙蓉未央宫的柳,池苑的模样儿依旧没有改。...The pools, the gardens, the palace, all were just as before,The Lake Taiye hibiscus, the Weiyang Palace willows;

芙蓉如面柳如眉,对此如何不泪垂?

芙蓉如面柳如眉41

(芙蓉如面柳如眉:此句形容杨贵妃当年的美貌。)

,对此如何不泪垂?

芙蓉像她的脸柳像她的眉,对着花和树皇帝怎能不落泪!But a petal was like her face and a willow-leaf her eyebrow --And what could he do but cry whenever he looked at them?

春风桃李花开夜,秋雨梧桐叶落时。

春风桃李花开夜,秋雨梧桐叶落时。

春风吹开了桃李的花,秋雨滴落了梧桐的叶。...Peach-trees and plum-trees blossomed, in the winds of spring;Lakka-foliage fell to the ground, after autumn rains;

西宫南苑多秋草,宫叶满阶红不扫。

西宫南苑42

(西宫南苑:是唐玄宗从蜀回京的住所。西宫,指太极宫。南苑,即南宫,指兴庆宫。)

多秋草,宫叶满阶红不扫。

西宫南宫多的是秋草,红叶落了满阶没有人扫。The Western and Southern Palaces were littered with late grasses,And the steps were mounded with red leaves that no one swept away.

梨园弟子白发新,椒房阿监青娥老。

梨园弟子白发新43

(梨园弟子白发新:梨园弟子,梨园是唐玄宗时教练宫廷歌舞艺人的地方。白发新,长出了满头白发。)

,椒房阿监青娥老44

(椒房阿监青娥老:椒房,后妃所居之宫,以椒和泥涂壁,取其香暖,故名。阿监,宫中女官。青娥,指青春美好的容颜。)

梨园的子弟有了白头发,椒房里太监宫女也渐渐老。Her Pear-Garden Players became white-hairedAnd the eunuchs thin-eyebrowed in her Court of PepperTrees;

夕殿萤飞思悄然,孤灯挑尽未成眠。

夕殿萤飞思悄然45

(夕殿萤飞思悄然:意思是说黄昏时分的大殿上流萤点点,玄宗独坐在那里悄然而思。)

,孤灯挑尽未成眠。

黄昏时看着殿角的飞萤悄悄思念,孤独地挑尽了灯花不能成眠,Over the throne flew fire-flies, while he brooded in the twilight.He would lengthen the lamp-wick to its end and still could never sleep.

迟迟钟鼓初长夜,耿耿星河欲曙天。

迟迟钟鼓初长夜,耿耿46

(耿耿:明亮。)

星河欲曙天。

漫漫长夜嫌更鼓打得太慢,看着微明的银河盼望着快明天。Bell and drum would slowly toll the dragging nighthoursAnd the River of Stars grow sharp in the sky, just before dawn,

鸳鸯瓦冷霜华重,翡翠衾寒谁与共?

鸳鸯瓦冷霜华重47

(鸳鸯瓦冷霜华重:鸳鸯瓦,宫顶上一俯一仰相嵌成对的瓦。霜华,霜花。)

,翡翠衾48

(翡翠衾:衾,被子。绣着翡翠鸟的被子。衾,粤:[襟kam1];普:[qīn]。)

寒谁与共?

鸳鸯瓦上的霜雪很厚,翡翠被里的寒冷再没有人来同受;And the porcelain mandarin-ducks on the roof grow thick with morning frostAnd his covers of kingfisher-blue feel lonelier and colder

悠悠生死别经年,魂魄不曾来入梦。

悠悠生死别经年49

(悠悠生死别经年:悠悠,指时间漫长。意思是说生者与死者(玄宗与贵妃)分别了不少年月。)

,魂魄不曾来入梦。

生离死别经过了一个足年,不曾有她的魂灵儿到梦里来聚首。With the distance between life and death year after year;And yet no beloved spirit ever visited his dreams.

临邛道士鸿都客,能以精诚致魂魄。

临邛道士鸿都客50

(临邛道士鸿都客:临邛,唐县名,即今四川邛崃。鸿都,仙府。鸿都客,神仙中人。邛,粤:[穷kung4];普:[qióng]。)

,能以精诚致魂魄。

临邛的道士是鸿都客,能用精诚来招致死去的亡魂。...At Lingqiong lived a Taoist priest who was a guest of heaven,Able to summon spirits by his concentrated mind.

为感君王展转思,遂教方士殷勤觅。

为感君王展转思51

(展转思:展,同辗。展转思,形容思念情切,辗转难眠。《诗经‧周南‧关雎》:求之不得,辗转反侧。)

,遂教方士殷勤觅。

感叹皇帝辗转地想思,就叫道士们去殷勤追寻。And people were so moved by the Emperor's constant broodingThat they besought the Taoist priest to see if he could find her.

排空驭气奔如电,升天入地求之遍。

排空驭气奔如电,升天入地求之遍52

(排空驭气奔如电,升天入地求之遍:驭,驾驭。穷,尽。)

驾着云乘着风像电一般快捷,也昇天也入地一个劲地访求不停歇,He opened his way in space and clove the ether like lightning,Up to heaven, under the earth, looking everywhere.

上穷碧落下黄泉,两处茫茫皆不见。

上穷碧落下黄泉,两处茫茫皆不见53

(上穷碧落下黄泉,两处茫茫皆不见:碧落,天界。黄泉,地府。与前面两句加起来的意思:方士借法力升天入地寻觅贵妃。)

可惜上天下地找寻了一个遍,这两处地方连个影儿也没见。Above, he searched the Green Void, below, the Yellow Spring;But he failed, in either place, to find the one he looked for.

忽闻海上有仙山,山在虚无缥缈间。

忽闻海上有仙山,山在虚无缥缈54

(缥缈:缥渺:隐隐约约的样子。)

间。

忽然听说海上有座仙山,这仙山若有若无缥缈不平凡。And then he heard accounts of an enchanted isle at sea,A part of the intangible and incorporeal world,

楼阁玲珑五云起,其中绰约多仙子。

楼阁玲珑五云55

(五云:五色云。)

起,其中绰约56

(绰约:体态柔美貌。)

多仙子。

五彩云里矗立着玲珑的楼殿,殿中住着一些美丽的女仙。With pavilions and fine towers in the five-coloured air,And of exquisite immortals moving to and fro,

中有一人字太真,雪肤花貌参差是。

中有一人字太真57

(太真:杨玉环的道号。玉环原是玄宗子寿王李瑁之妃,玄宗欲纳为妃,先度为女道士,号为太真。)

,雪肤花貌参差是58

(参差是:参差,彷彿、几乎。彷彿就是。)

有一个女仙名字就叫太真,雪白肤色花般貌彷彿皇帝的意中人。And of one among them-whom they called The Ever True -With a face of snow and flowers resembling hers he sought.

金阙西厢叩玉扃,转教小玉报双成。

金阙西厢叩玉扃59

(扃:门。扃,粤:[gwing1炯阴平声];普:[jiōng]。)

,转教小玉报双成60

(转教小玉报双成:小玉,吴王夫差小女,相传死后成仙,这里借指杨太真在仙山上的侍女。双成,即董双成,相传是西王母侍女。意谓转叫小玉告诉董双成,让杨太真知道汉家天子派来了使者。)

在金阙的西厢叩着玉门,辗转由小玉和双成去报了信。So he went to the West Hall's gate of gold and knocked at the jasper doorAnd asked a girl, called Morsel-of-Jade, to tell The Doubly-Perfect.

闻道汉家天子使,九华帐里梦魂惊。

闻道汉家天子使,九华帐61

(九华帐:装饰十分华美的帐子。)

里梦魂惊。

听见我国皇帝的使者到,惊醒了华丽帐里的梦中魂;And the lady, at news of an envoy from the Emperor of China.Was startled out of dreams in her nine-flowered, canopy.

揽衣推枕起裴回,珠箔银屏逦迤开。

揽衣推枕起裴回62

(裴回:即徘徊,这里指往出走动。)

,珠箔银屏逦迤开63

(珠箔银屏逦迤开:珠箔,珠帘。逦迤,逐次,一本作迤逦。箔,粤:[薄bok9];普:[bó]。逦迤,粤:[里以lei5 ji5];普:[lǐyǐ]。)

赶忙推枕披衣下了床,珠帘上的银钩慢慢两边分。She pushed aside her pillow, dressed, shook away sleep,And opened the pearly shade and then the silver screen.

云鬓半偏新睡觉,花冠不整下堂来。

云鬓半偏新睡觉,花冠不整下堂来。

云髻歪斜像是春睡才醒觉,没戴好花冠就走出来。Her cloudy hair-dress hung on one side because of her great haste,And her flower-cap was loose when she came along the terrace,

风吹仙袂飘飖举,犹似霓裳羽衣舞。

风吹仙袂飘飖举64

(风吹仙袂飘飖举:袂,衣袖。举,上下左右地摆动。袂,粤:[mai6米阳去声];普:[mèi]。)

,犹似霓裳羽衣舞。

风飘飘地吹起了仙衣,还好像跳着霓裳羽衣舞。While a light wind filled her cloak and fluttered with her motionAs though she danced The Rainbow Skirt and the Feathered Coat.

玉容寂寞泪阑干,梨花一枝春带雨。

玉容寂寞泪阑干65

(阑干:纵横交错貌。)

,梨花一枝春带雨66

(梨花一枝春带雨:意思是说杨贵妃哭的样子,就像一枝梨花带着春天的雨滴。)

玉润的面容上寂寞地挂了两行泪,像一枝梨花带着春天的雨。And the tear-drops drifting down her sad white faceWere like a rain in spring on the blossom of the pear.

含情凝睇谢君王,一别音容两渺茫。

含情凝睇谢君王67

(含情凝睇谢君王:睇,斜视。凝睇,凝视。谢,告诉。睇,粤:[弟dai6];普:[dì]。)

,一别音容两渺茫。

含情凝视着使者向皇帝致谢:别后声音笑貌双方都已渺茫。But love glowed deep within her eyes when she bade him thank her liege,Whose form and voice had been strange to her ever since their parting --

昭阳殿里恩爱绝,蓬莱宫中日月长。

昭阳殿68

(昭阳殿:汉赵飞燕与其妹赵合德得宠时住的宫殿,此处借指杨贵妃生前的住处。)

里恩爱绝,蓬莱宫中日月长69

(蓬莱宫中日月长:蓬莱,传说中的东海三神山之一,山上有仙人宫室。意思是说在蓬莱宫中消磨着漫长的时光。)

昭阳殿里的恩爱不能再继续,蓬莱宫里的日月却特别地长。Since happiness had ended at the Court of the Bright Sun,And moons and dawns had become long in Fairy-Mountain Palace.

回头下望人寰处,不见长安见尘雾。

回头下望人寰70

(人寰:人间。寰,粤:[环wan4];普:[huán]。)

处,不见长安见尘雾。

回头向下看看人间世,看不见长安只看见些尘土和云雾。But when she turned her face and looked down toward the earthAnd tried to see the capital, there were only fog and dust.

唯将旧物表深情,钿合金钗寄将去。

唯将旧物表深情,钿合71

(钿合:即钿盒,镶嵌金、银、玉、贝的首饰盒子。)

金钗寄将去。

把这首饰盒子里金钗带给皇帝,旧日佩带的东西表达深挚的情愫。So she took out, with emotion, the pledges he had givenAnd, through his envoy, sent him back a shell box and gold hairpin,

钗留一股合一扇,钗擘黄金合分钿。

钗留一股合一扇72

(合一扇:扇,量词。谓钿合留下一扇。)

,钗擘黄金合分钿73

(钗擘黄金合分钿:意思是说把金钗擘开,并把黄金钿盒分开。)

金钗留下一股盒子留下一扇,都是一件东西平分给两人保管。But kept one branch of the hairpin and one side of the box,Breaking the gold of the hairpin, breaking the shell of the box;

但教心似金钿坚,天上人间会相见。

但教心似金钿坚,天上人间会相见。

只要两心都像钗盒这样的坚固,无论天上人间都不难再相见。"Our souls belong together," she said, " like this gold and this shell --Somewhere, sometime, on earth or in heaven, we shall surely

临别殷勤重寄词,词中有誓两心知︰

临别殷勤重寄词,词中有誓两心知:

临别殷勤地叫再带上一句话,话里的誓言只有两人知道,And she sent him, by his messenger, a sentence reminding himOf vows which had been known only to their two hearts:

七月七日长生殿,夜半无人私语时。

七月七日长生殿,夜半无人私语时74

(七月七日长生殿,夜半无人私语时:长生殿,在骊山华清宫内,天宝元年十月造。据唐人陈鸿(生卒年不详)《长恨歌传》载,天宝十年(七五一)杨贵妃曾与唐玄宗在骊山宫避暑。杨贵妃于七月七日牛郎织女相会之夕,独自一人在外面侍奉玄宗,玄宗与她比肩而立,仰天感歎牛郎与织女之事,密相誓,心愿世世为夫妇。言毕,执手各呜咽。此两句即指此事。)

半夜里祕密地说着缠绵的细语,那是七月七日在长生殿里乞巧:"On the seventh day of the Seventh-month, in the Palace of Long Life,We told each other secretly in the quiet midnight world

在天愿作比翼鸟,在地愿为连理枝。

在天愿作比翼鸟,在地愿为连理枝75

(在天愿作比翼鸟,在地愿为连理枝:比,并列。比翼鸟,传说中的鸟。连理枝,即指连理树,两树树干相抱,树枝相连。这两句是方士为取信于玄宗,要求杨贵妃说出当年只有他们二人心中知道的誓词。)

在天上愿做一双比翼鸟,在地上愿做一对连理枝。That we wished to fly in heaven, two birds with the wings of one,And to grow together on the earth, two branches of one tree."

天长地久有时尽,此恨緜緜无绝期。

天长地久有时尽,此恨緜緜无绝期。

天虽长地虽久都有完了的时候,这一离恨绵延着却没有断绝的日期。Earth endures, heaven endures; some time both shall end,While this unending sorrow goes on and on for ever.

赏析

这篇《长恨歌》是长篇的七言古诗,属于敍事诗的体裁。作者以历史上的真实事迹作题材,用写实的手法把它素描出来。

唐玄宗本是一位英明的皇帝,开元二十余年间,政治清明,为唐朝的鼎盛时期。可惜到了天宝年间,忽然沉湎酒色歌舞,迷恋杨贵妃,误用了杨国忠,不问政事,招致了安禄山的乱事,几乎把国家断送了。以后乱事平定;他必仍然执迷不悟,糊涂到叫那些行邪术的人,去访寻杨贵妃的芳魂。这事当时给了人们一个很深刻的印象,作者就摄取了这些题材,创作了这篇长诗。

作者的朋友陈鸿,曾根据本诗,写了一篇《长恨歌传》。陈鸿曾指出《长恨歌》的主题说:意者不但感其事,亦欲惩尤物,窒乱阶,垂于将来者也。作者分明是想拿唐玄宗这件事,来作为后世国君的殷鉴。

首句开头揭明玄宗好色,接着就使杨贵妃与读者见面。从她的妙龄、美貌,写到玄宗入了迷惑,糊涂到把国家的官爵和土地,偿付爱情的代价。单看从此君王不早朝尽日君王看不足这两句,从侧面描写杨贵妃的美,反面却是在暗示唐朝这个国家完了。你想想,这样的一位皇帝,还用得着安禄山来打吗?不打,已经垮了。

第二段敍到安禄山的兵逼近首都,玄宗还在欣赏杨贵妃的舞姿。但是不得不逃亡了,刚刚走了百余里路,突然发生兵变,实在是玄宗意料不到的事。花钿委地无人收一句,是以后惟将旧物表深情的伏笔。君王掩面救不得,皇帝的威权哪儿去了?第三段写玄宗狼狈逃到四川,江山美人都丢了,这位伤心皇帝,过着凄凉的岁月,也真够可怜。四段写玄宗还都,见物思人,更令读者为之嗟歎。然而这种悲惨后果,仍是玄宗自己招致了来的,恨吗,应该恨自己。

末段写玄宗继续执迷不悟,方士们有机可乘,用些假造的谎言来骗他,更增加了他的苦痛。你看作者写的山在虚无缥缈间雪肤花貌参差是,不是已经一再点明是假的了吗?但玄宗却信以为真,这讥诮也真够厉害的。杨贵妃在马嵬驿死时,既然花钿委地无人收,事后一定有人捡拾了去。方士们当然会用高价到那里搜求到手,然后再用以欺骗玄宗,果然成功了。玄宗做的这椿蠢事,既可笑,又可怜。比翼鸟连理枝是美丽的梦话,梦醒以后,完全幻灭了,不能不成为千古的恨事,所以说此恨绵绵无绝期。

白居易长于写讽谕诗,在这篇里也有不少讽刺的句子。如汉皇重色思倾国,御宇多年求不得;姊妹弟兄皆列土,可怜光彩生门户;渔阳鼙鼓动地来,惊破霓裳羽衣曲;君王掩面救不得,回看血泪相和流;为感君王辗转思,遂教方士殷勤觅……都够深刻。务他讽刺的手法很巧妙,骤然看不出来的,但你若细细咀嚼,可能发出会心的微笑,和沉痛的感歎。最好的讽刺,便是上乘的幽默,它能使人笑,也能使人哭。

作者/出处

白居易

白居易,生于唐代宗大历七年,卒于唐武宗会昌六年(七七二──八四六)。字乐天,晚号香山居士,祖籍太原(今山西太原),后迁居下邽(今陕西渭南)。自幼聪慧,刻苦读书。唐德宗贞元十六年(七九九)进士,初任校书郎,历任翰林学士、左拾遗,因敢言直谏,上疏亟论宰相武元衡被盗杀事,为当政者所忌,贬为江州(今江西九江)司马。其后历任忠州、杭州、苏州刺史,官至刑部尚书,晚年退居洛下,崇奉佛法。

白居易是中唐大诗人,与元稹齐名,并称元白。他提倡文章合为时而着,歌诗合为事而作,反对嘲风雪,弄花草的文学,强调《诗经》的美刺传统和杜甫的创作精神。白诗的特色是语言浅俗,使老妪、儿童都能解读,讽谕诗《秦中吟》及《新乐府》是其中的代表。晚年写了不少闲适诗和感伤诗。有明万历三十四年(一六〇六)马元调刊本《白氏长庆集》传世。

创作背景

《长恨歌》选自《全唐诗》卷四百三十五,作于唐宪宗元和元年(八○六)白居易任盩厔(今陕西周至)县尉时。《长恨歌》是一篇广为传诵的长篇敍事诗,写唐玄宗李隆基与贵妃杨玉环的爱情故事。宪宗元和元年十二月,白居易与陈鸿、王质夫等同游仙游寺,话及开元、天宝年间玄宗与贵妃遗事,相与感歎,遂写下此诗,名为《长恨歌》,即歌长恨之意。此诗既写二人爱情的遗恨,也讽玄宗荒淫误国,以垂训后世。

此诗前半敍杨贵妃生前得宠,极尽铺陈,显出她的声势,为长恨伏下祸根;后半敍贵妃死后明皇对她的忆念,悱恻动人,为结长恨的果而作奇幻的笔意。

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